Bio-Based Trivalent Phytate: A Novel Strategy for Enhancing Fire Performance of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Composites

Biomass phytic acid has potential flame retardant value as the main form of phosphorus in plant seeds. In this study, phytate-based retardants aluminum phytate (PA-Al) and iron (PA-Fe) were synthesized characterized. Subsequently, they introduced into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) by one-step water-blown method. The results indicated that RPUF/PA-Fe30 exhibited highest char residue 22.1 wt%, significantly higher than 12.4 wt% RPUF. Cone calorimetry analysis showed total heat release (THR) RPUF/PA-Al30 decreased 17.0% smoke (TSR) 22.0% compared with pure RPUF, which lowest, demonstrating a low fire risk good suppression. Thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) implied intensity flammable gases (hydrocarbons, esters) toxic (isocyanate, CO, aromatic compounds, HCN) composites was reduced after addition PA-Fe. RPUF formed dense layer high degree graphitization PA-Al/PA-Fe, endowing excellent mass & transmission inhibition effect resistance combustion process.